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Resumo Mesmo no período em que a pandemia de Covid-19 encontrava-se em crescimento no Nordeste do Brasil, iniciou-se a adoção de medidas de flexibilização do distanciamento social. O objetivo do estudo é o de avaliar a pertinência das propostas de flexibilização, tomando-se em conta a situação da pandemia em cada local e o momento em que foram adotadas. Tendo como referência as diretrizes da OMS, foram construídos e analisados indicadores operacionais para cada diretriz, no contexto da região Nordeste. Para análise do comportamento da epidemia, conforme indicadores selecionados, foram usadas técnicas de Joinpoint Trend Analysis, mapas de calor, razão de taxas e comparação da tendência temporal entre capitais e interior dos estados. O pico do crescimento semanal ocorreu em maio-julho/2020 (semanas epidemiológicas 19 a 31). Na maioria das capitais não se observou tendência decrescente simultânea do número de casos e óbitos nos 14 dias prévios à flexibilização. Em todos os estados o quantitativo de testes realizados foi insuficiente. Na semana epidemiológica 24 os percentuais estaduais de ocupação de leitos de UTI/Covid-19 foram próximos ou superiores 70%. A situação epidemiológica das nove capitais dos estados do Nordeste, no momento em que a decisão de flexibilização foi tomada, mostra que nenhuma delas atendia aos critérios e parâmetros recomendados pela OMS.

Abstract Even in the period when the Covid-19 pandemic was on the rise in the Northeast of Brazil, the relaxation of social distancing measures was introduced. The scope of the study is to assess, in the light of the epidemiological-sanitary situation in the region, the suitability of relaxation of social distancing measures. Based on the WHO guidelines for relaxation of social distancing, operational indicators were created and analyzed for each guideline in the context of the Northeast. To analyze the behavior of the epidemic, according to selected indicators, Joinpoint trend analysis techniques, heat maps, rate ratios and time trends between capitals and the state interior were compared. The weekly growth peak of the epidemic occurred in May-July 2020 (epidemiological weeks 19 to 31). In most capitals, there was no simultaneous downward trend in the number of cases and deaths in the 14 days prior to flexibilization. In all states the number of tests performed was insufficient. In epidemiological week 24, the state percentages of ICU/Covid-19 bed occupancy were close to or above 70%. The epidemiological situation of the nine Northeastern state capitals analyzed here did not meet criteria and parameters recommended by the World Health Organization for the relaxation of social distancing measures.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232021264.39422020 2043 downloads

Covid-19 no nordeste do Brasil: entre o lockdown e o relaxamento das medidas de distanciamento social
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Ximenes, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar

; Albuquerque, Maria de Fatima Pessoa Militão de

; Martelli, Celina Maria Turchi

; Araújo, Thália Velho Barreto de

; Miranda Filho, Demócrito de Barros

; Souza, Wayner Vieira de

; Ichihara, Maria Yury Travassos

; Lira, Pedro Israel Cabral de

; Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo

; Aquino, Estela ML

; Silva, Antônio Augusto Moura da

; Almeida, Rosa Lívia Freitas de

; Kendall, Carl

; Pescarini, Julia M

; Brandão Filho, Sinval Pinto

; Almeida-Filho, Naomar

; Oliveira, Juliane Fonseca de

; Teles, Carlos

; Jorge, Daniel Cardoso Pereira

; Santana, Guilherme

; Gabrielli, Ligia

; Rodrigues, Moreno MS

; Silva, Natanael Jesus da

; Souza, Rafael Felipe da Silva

; Silva, Vivian Alessandra Ferreira da

; Barreto, Maurício Lima

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva

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2021, Volume 26 Nº 4 Páginas 1441 - 1456

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232021264.39422020

Occurrence of Leishmania infection in the immediate geographic region of Ji-Paraná, Rondônia State, Brazil
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Almeida, Aliny Pontes

; Paulo, Paula Frassinetti Medeiros de

; Pereira Júnior, Antonio Marques

; Gujanwski, Cinthya de Andrade

; Ferreira, Valéria

; Costa, Glaucilene da Silva

; Rodrigues, Moreno Magalhães de Souza

; Ferreira, Ricardo de Godoi Mattos

; Medeiros, Jansen Fernandes

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2021, Volume 54 elocation e0212-2021

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the epidemiology of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the immediate region of Ji-Paraná, Rondônia State. METHODS: Samples and epidemiological data were collected from 105 patients. RESULTS: Leishmania infection was observed in 58 (55.2%) patients, and Leishmania braziliensis was present in 82.9% of the 41 sequenced samples. Infected patients were predominantly male (93.1%). Leishmania infection was twice as prevalent among rural inhabitants versus urban inhabitants. Lesions were more frequent in the upper limbs (arms/hands, 41.82%). CONCLUSIONS: The present data corroborate the zoonotic profile of cutaneous leishmaniasis; this information could help to improve surveillance and control strategies.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0212-2021 97 downloads

Description of malaria vectors (Diptera: Culicidae) in two agricultural settlements in the Western Brazilian Amazon
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Andrade, Alice Oliveira

; Santos, Najara Akira Costa dos

; Castro, Raphael Brum

; Araujo, Isabelle Sousa de

; Bastos, Alessandra da Silva

; Magi, Felipe Neves

; Rodrigues, Moreno Magalhães de Souza

; Pereira, Dhélio Batista

; Medeiros, Jansen Fernandes

; Araújo, Maisa da Silva

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2021, Volume 63 elocation e60

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The majority of malaria cases in South America occur in rural areas of the Amazon region. Although these areas have a significant impact on malaria cases, few entomological studies have been carried out there. This study aimed to describe entomological parameters in settlements in Rondonia State, Brazil. Collections of anopheles were carried out using the Protected Human Attraction Technique (PHAT). The risk and the potential for malaria transmission were assessed using the human biting rate (HBR), the sporozoite rate (SR) and the entomological inoculation rate (EIR). The results confirmed that Nyssorhynchus darlingi is the predominant species in the two studied locations. Although settlement in the two study sites has occurred at different times, the species richness found was low, showing that environmental changes caused by anthropological actions have probably favor the adaptation of Ny. darlingi species. From the total of 615 anopheline mosquitoes assessed, seven (1.1%) were positive for Plasmodium sp. infections. The EIR revealed that Ny. darlingi contributes to malaria transmission in both locations, as it was responsible for 0.05 infectious bites in humans at night in the old settlement and 0.02 in the recent occupation. In the two study sites, the biting occurred more frequently at dusk. Nyssorhynchus darlingi was prevalent in areas of recent colonization but, even when present in a low density, this species could maintain the transmission of malaria in the older settlement. The entomological information obtained in this study is important and may aid the selection of vector control actions in these locations.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202163060 216 downloads

Increase in the risk of snakebites incidence due to changes in humidity levels: A time series study in four municipalities of the state of Rondônia
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Ferreira, Alex Augusto Ferreira e

; Reis, Valdison Pereira dos

; Boeno, Charles Nunes

; Evangelista, Jaina Rodrigues

; Santana, Hallison Mota

; Serrath, Suzanne Nery

; Lopes, Jéssica Amaral

; Rego, Cristina Matiele Alves

; Tavares, Maria Naiara Macedo

; Paloschi, Mauro Valentino

; Nery, Neriane Monteiro

; Dantas, Alessandra da Silva

; Rodrigues, Moreno Magalhães S.

; Zuliani, Juliana Pavan

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2020, Volume 53 elocation e20190377

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Snakebites represent a serious global public health problem, especially in tropical countries. In Brazil, the incidence of snakebites ranges from 19 to 22 thousand cases per 100000 persons annually. The state of Rondônia, in particular, has had an increasing incidence of snakebites. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study on snakebites was conducted from January 2007 to December 2018. Brazil’s Information System for Notifiable Diseases was queried for all snakebites reported in Porto Velho, Ariquemes, Cacoal, and Vilhena. Data on land surface temperatures during the day and night, precipitation, and humidity were obtained using the Google Earth Engine. A Bayesian time series model was constructed to describe the pattern of snakebites and their relationship with climate data. RESULTS: In total, 6326 snakebites were reported in Rondônia. Accidents were commonly caused by Bothrops sp. (n=2171, 81.80%). Snakebites most frequently occurred in rural areas (n=2271, 85.5%). Men, with a median age of 34 years (n=2101, 79.1%), were the most frequent bitten. Moderate clinical manifestation was the most common outcome of an accident (n=1101, 41.50%). There were clear seasonal patterns with respect to rainfall, humidity, and temperature. Rainfall and land surface temperature during the day or night did not increase the risk of snakebites in any city; however, changes in humidity increased the risk of snakebites in all cities. CONCLUSION: This study identified the population exposed to snakes and the influence of anthropic and climatic factors on the incidence of snakebites. According to climate data, changes in humidity increased the risk of snakebites.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0377-2019 1306 downloads

Epidemiological study of snakebite cases in Brazilian Western Amazonia
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Roriz, Katia Regina Pena Schesquini

; Zaqueo, Kayena Delaix

; Setubal, Sulamita Silva

; Katsuragawa, Tony Hiroshi

; Silva, Renato Roriz da

; Fernandes, Carla Freire Celedônio

; Cardoso, Luiz Augusto Paiva

; Rodrigues, Moreno Magalhães de Souza

; Soares, Andreimar Martins

; Stábeli, Rodrigo Guerino

; Zuliani, Juliana Pavan

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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Jun 2018, Volume 51 Nº 3 Páginas 338 - 346

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract INTRODUCTION Brazil has the largest number of snakebite cases in South America, of which the large majority is concentrated in the Midwest and North. METHODS In this descriptive observational study, we assessed the epidemiological and clinical snakebite cases referred to the Centro de Medicina Tropical de Rondônia from September 2008 to September 2010. RESULTS We followed up 92 cases from admission until discharge, namely 81 (88%) men and 11 (12%) women, with a mean age of 37 years, and mainly from rural areas (91.3%). The snakebites occurred while performing work activities (63%) during the Amazon rainy season (78.3%). The vast majority of individuals presented from the Porto Velho microregion (84.7%). Approximately 95.6% of the snakebites were caused by snakes of the genus Bothrops, followed by two lachetics and two elapidics cases. Surgery was performed in 10 cases (9 fasciotomies in the lower limb and 1 amputation). No deaths were reported in this study, but 4 cases (4.3%) developed sequelae in the lower limb. CONCLUSIONS This study can contribute to a better understanding of envenomation in the state of Rondônia and thus can be useful for identifying real conditions that can increase the incidence of snakebites in this region. Moreover, the study results can serve as a basis for improving educational campaigns designed to prevent these types of snakebites, as well as for preserving snakes.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0489-2017 2819 downloads

Sensitivity of diagnostic methods for Mansonella ozzardi microfilariae detection in the Brazilian Amazon Region
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Medeiros, Jansen Fernandes

; Fontes, Gilberto

; Nascimento, Vilma Lopes do

; Rodrigues, Moreno

; Cohen, Jacob

; Andrade, Edmar Vaz de

; Pessoa, Felipe Arley Costa

; Martins, Marilaine

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Mar 2018, Volume 113 Nº 3 Páginas 173 - 177

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND The human filarial worm Mansonella ozzardi is highly endemic in the large tributaries of the Amazon River. This infection is still highly neglected and can be falsely negative when microfilariae levels are low. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the frequency of individuals with M. ozzardi in riverine communities in Coari municipality, Brazilian Amazon. METHODS Different diagnostic methods including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), blood polycarbonate membrane filtration (PCMF), Knott's method (Knott), digital thick blood smears (DTBS) and venous thick blood smears (VTBS) were used to compare sensitivity and specificity among the methods. Data were analysed using PCMF and Bayesian latent class models (BLCM) as the gold standard. We used BLCM to calculate the prevalence of mansonelliasis based on the results of five diagnostic methods. FINDINGS The prevalence of mansonelliasis was 35.4% by PCMF and 30.1% by BLCM. PCR and Knott methods both possessed high sensitivity. Sensitivity relative to PCMF was 98.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 92.0 - 99.7] for PCR and 83.5% (95% CI: 72.9 - 90.5) for Knott. Sensitivity derived by BLCM was 100% (95% CI 93.7 - 100) for PCMF, 100% (95% CI: 93.7 - 100) for PCR and 98.3% (95% CI: 90.6 - 99.9) for Knott. The odds ratio of being diagnosed as microfilaremic increased with age but did not differ between genders. Microfilariae loads were higher in subjects aged 30 - 45 and 45 - 60 years. MAIN CONCLUSIONS PCMF and PCR were the best methods to assess the prevalence of mansonelliasis in our samples. As such, using these methods could lead to higher prevalence of mansonelliasis in this region than the most commonly used method (i.e., thick blood smears).

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760170321 950 downloads

Follow up of a robust meta-signature to identify Zika virus infection in Aedes aegypti: another brick in the wall
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Fukutani, Eduardo

; Rodrigues, Moreno

; Kasprzykowski, José Irahe

; Araujo, Cintia Figueiredo de

; Paschoal, Alexandre Rossi

; Ramos, Pablo Ivan Pereira

; Fukutani, Kiyoshi Ferreira

; Queiroz, Artur Trancoso Lopo de

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2018, Volume 113 Nº 6 elocation e180053

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the main vector of several arthropod-borne diseases that have global impacts. In a previous meta-analysis, our group identified a vector gene set containing 110 genes strongly associated with infections of dengue, West Nile and yellow fever viruses. Of these 110 genes, four genes allowed a highly accurate classification of infected status. More recently, a new study of Ae. aegypti infected with Zika virus (ZIKV) was published, providing new data to investigate whether this “infection” gene set is also altered during a ZIKV infection. Our hypothesis is that the infection-associated signature may also serve as a proxy to classify the ZIKV infection in the vector. Raw data associated with the NCBI/BioProject were downloaded and re-analysed. A total of 18 paired-end replicates corresponding to three ZIKV-infected samples and three controls were included in this study. The nMDS technique with a logistic regression was used to obtain the probabilities of belonging to a given class. Thus, to compare both gene sets, we used the area under the curve and performed a comparison using the bootstrap method. Our meta-signature was able to separate the infected mosquitoes from the controls with good predictive power to classify the Zika-infected mosquitoes.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760180053 956 downloads

Phlebotomine sandfly (Diptera: Psychodidae) diversity and their Leishmania DNA in a hot spot of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis human cases along the Brazilian border with Peru and Bolivia
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Teles, Carolina Bioni Garcia

; Santos, Ana Paula de Azevedo dos

; Freitas, Rui Alves

; Oliveira, Arley Faria José de

; Ogawa, Guilherme Maerschner

; Rodrigues, Moreno Souza

; Pessoa, Felipe Arley Costa

; Medeiros, Jansen Fernandes

; Camargo, Luís Marcelo Aranha

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Jul 2016, Volume 111 Nº 7 Páginas 423 - 432

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

In this study, we identified the phlebotomine sandfly vectors involved in the transmission of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in Assis Brasil, Acre, Brazil, which is located on the Brazil-Peru-Bolivia frontier. The genotyping of Leishmania in phlebotomines was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. A total of 6,850 sandflies comprising 67 species were captured by using CDC light traps in rural areas of the municipality. Three sandfly species were found in the state of Acre for the first time: Lutzomyia georgii, Lu. complexa and Lu. evangelistai. The predominant species was Lu. auraensis/Lu. ruifreitasi and Lu. davisi (total 59.27%). 32 of 368 pools were positive for the presence of Leishmania DNA (16 pools corresponding to Lu. davisi, and 16 corresponding to Lu. auraensis/Lu. ruifreitasi), with a minimal infection prevalence of 1.85% in Lu. davisi and 2.05% in Lu. auraensis/Lu. ruifreitasi. The Leishmania species found showed maximum identity with L. (Viannia) guyanensis and L. (V.) braziliensis in both phlebotomine species. Based on these results and similar scenarios previously described along the Brazil/Peru/Bolivia tri-border, the studied area must take into consideration the possibility of Lu. davisi and Lu. auraensis/Lu. ruifreitasi as probable vectors of ACL in this municipality.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760160054 1833 downloads

10.

SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF MALARIA VECTORS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) IN RURAL LOCALITIES OF PORTO VELHO, RONDÔNIA, BRAZILIAN AMAZON
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GIL, Luiz Herman Soares

; RODRIGUES, Moreno de Souza

; LIMA, Alzemar Alves de

; KATSURAGAWA, Tony Hiroshi

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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Jun 2015, Volume 57 Nº 3 Páginas 263 - 267

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Foi realizado levantamento de vetores de malária na área que compreende a construção da linha de transmissão entre os municípios de Porto Velho e Rio Branco, estados de Rondônia e Acre, respectivamente. Os dados aqui apresentados mostram os resultados do levantamento da fauna dos Anopheles realizado em Rondônia. As capturas foram realizadas no município de Porto Velho em seis aglomerados populacionais ao longo da rodovia federal BR 364, denominados Porto Velho, Jaci Paraná, Mutum Paraná, Vila Abunã, Vista Alegre do Abunã e Extrema. As capturas ocorreram em três diferentes pontos de cada uma das localidades nos meses de fevereiro, julho e outubro de 2011, seguindo a metodologia de coleta por atração humana protegida em dois ambientes, sendo no intradomicílio e no peridomicílio simultaneamente com duração de seis horas. Nas áreas amostradas foram capturados 2.185 anofelinos pertencentes a sete espécies de Anopheles sp. dos quais 95,1% foram identificados como Anophels darlingi, 1,8% An. triannulatus l.s., 1,7% An. deaneorum, 0,8% An. konderi l.s., 0,4 An. braziliensis, 0,1% An. albitarsis l.s., e 0,1% An. benarrochi. Anopheles darlingi foi a única espécie amostrada em todas as localidades enquanto as demais espécies, ocorreram em locais com características singulares.

We conducted a survey of the malaria vectors in an area where a power line had been constructed, between the municipalities of Porto Velho and Rio Branco, in the states of Rondônia and Acre, respectively. The present paper relates to the results of the survey of Anopheles fauna conducted in the state of Rondônia. Mosquito field collections were performed in six villages along the federal highway BR 364 in the municipality of Porto Velho, namely Porto Velho, Jaci Paraná, Mutum Paraná, Vila Abunã, Vista Alegre do Abunã, and Extrema. Mosquito captures were performed at three distinct sites in each locality during the months of February, July, and October 2011 using a protected human-landing catch method; outdoor and indoor captures were conducted simultaneously at each site for six hours. In the six sampled areas, we captured 2,185 mosquitoes belonging to seven Anopheles species. Of these specimens, 95.1% consisted of Anopheles darlingi, 1.8% An. triannulatus l.s., 1.7% An. deaneorum, 0.8% An. konderi l.s., 0.4 An. braziliensis, 0.1% An. albitarsis l.s., and 0.1% An. benarrochi. An. darlingi was the only species found in all localities; the remaining species occurred in sites with specific characteristics.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652015000300014 2161 downloads

11.

Mansonella ozzardi in the municipality of Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil, 60 years after the first report: an epidemiologic study
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Medeiros, Jansen Fernandes

; Rodrigues, Moreno Souza

; Katsuragawa, Tony Hiroshi

; Costa, Cristóvão Alves

; Pessoa, Felipe Arley Costa

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Jul 2014, Volume 109 Nº 4 Páginas 480 - 483

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The prevalence of mansonelliasis was studied in the municipality of Tefé, state of Amazonas, Brazil. The prevalence (thick blood smear method) was 13.6% (147/1,078), higher in the Solimões River region (16.3%) than in the Tefé River region (6.3%). In the sampled communities in the Solimões River region, a higher density of cases was observed, as indicated by a kernel analysis (odds ratio 0.34; 95% confidence interval: 0.20-0.57). Males had a higher prevalence (χ2 = 31.292, p < 0.001) than women. Mansonella ozzardi prevalence was higher in retirees and farmers (28.9% and 27%, respectively). Prevalence also significantly increased with age (χ2 = -128.17, p < 0.001), with the highest numbers occurring in persons older than 67 years.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-0276130512 1245 downloads Citado 1 vez em SciELO

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